Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The aim was to ascertain the level of understanding the men had of prostate cancer, of the treatment options available to them as well as knowledge of any potential side effects The researchers obtained their data and the resultant statistics used convenience sampling and questionnaires administered by general practitioners. Using these methods the researchers discovered that 80% of the group were unaware of the role of the prostate. Almost half did not realize that it was the commonest internal male cancer and roughly one third knew nothing about possible treatments. Just over half had no knowledge of treatment side effects. When it came to making a decision about possible treatment 70% answered that they would consult a doctor and then make their own decision. With these statistics in mind the researchers concluded that there was a definite deficit of appropriate knowledge among these men and that they preferred there to be some medical involvement in decision making. They also dis covered a number of misconceptions held by members of the research group.

A critical review of an academic article in which ideas about learning Essay

A critical review of an academic article in which ideas about learning relevant to the module are discussed - Essay Example Research on MI has spread like wildfire, critically dissecting every angle and application. Basically, Gardner claims that intelligence is not limited to the cognitive domain, as traditionally conceptualized. He views it in a much broader sense to include the individual’s affective, social and creative domains. He has come up with a number of intelligences a person possesses within him, as follows: Linguistic intelligence – this has to do with how a person uses words to express himself well verbally or in print. Some people just have a natural flair for speaking or writing and keep their audience in awe of the language they use and how it influences them. This intelligence is exhibited by motivational speakers, preachers, orators, writers and journalists. Logical mathematical intelligence – this is what is usually studied by cognitive psychologists and educators, how the mind works with logic, reasoning and mathematical accuracy. This is very much related to critical thinking and analytical skills. Gardner calls it the traditional scholastic intelligence which was given too much focus in schools and intelligence tests. Musical intelligence – this is the ability to create, perform and appreciate music. Gardner rates this equivalent to the other intelligences and refuses to call them mere talents, relegated less than intelligence. This is exhibited by composers, musicians, singers and musical critics or reviewers. Spatial intelligence – this is the capacity to visualize and concretize how things will turn out from the way it was planned, and to accurately estimate space allocations. Such intelligence is displayed by architects, artists, photographers, aviators, navigators and surgeons. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence – This is the ability to solve problems, express oneself or achieve a lot of goals using one’s body. Not everyone can be as limber and well-coordinated in doing so, unlike dancers, actors, mime artists, athletes and

The first act in Hobsons Choic Essay Example for Free

The first act in Hobsons Choic Essay Willies speech tells the reader that Will is now a successful businessman and that he is able to control his own business. The playwright shows us this change by making the character use more complex speeches. In the fourth act, Willies responses towards Hobson a much more lengthy than they were and they is not the same as his limited, one word answers in the first act. This shows the reader that he has become more confident to talk to people in a class higher than his own, and he has a larger vocabulary and he is much more fluent. He tells Hobson how he expects his business to go on into St.Annes square in the future. In act four, the reader also finds out how much Willie has changed from the way he talks to Hobson about the new name of the boot shop. Willie tells Hobson that the name of the shop shall be, William Mossop, late Hobson. Maggie does not agree and Hobson realises that Willie is trying to take over the whole business. At this point, Hobson says, Just wait a bit. I want to know if Im taking this in alright. Im to be given a half-share in my own business on condition I take no part in running it. Is that what you said? Willie replies, Thats it, as if to imply that Hobson is not to have any part in the business. This portrays Willies confidence in speaking to people like Hobson and shows the reader how much his attitude has changed. In act four, Willie is much more fluent with his words and his new vocabulary suggests that he has been educated well by Maggie. He talks about things in a more serious manner. He does not speak in a comical way, or use any phrases that would make him look dim-witted. Also, the way in which he controls his business in Oldfield Road suggests his education has improved dramatically. Maggies education and influence on Will have had a positive effect on him. Unlike the first act, he is now clear about his ambitions and his future. This is shown by his attitude towards his business and the way he handles Hobsons offer of partnership. At the end of act four, Maggie and Will show their love towards each other. In the first act Will Mossop is a reluctant player in Maggies game plan. By the end of act four, he loves her and can appreciate what she has done for him. The last phrase in act four, shows that Will Mossop still hasnt completely grown out of his comical attitude, by saying, Well, By gum! This ends the play. In contrast to the early scenes, I chose to show Willie Mossop as a confident, successful businessman. Firstly, I used a different costume and I wore a three-piece suit with a top hat under my arm. Secondly, when I spoke to Mr Hobson I was fluent and I looked him in the eye. In this act, I changed my timorous attitude to a confident attitude. I proved this by having my shoulders back and being in a closer space. I even deliberately placed Maggie behind me on stage, to show that I was now the person in charge.

The Vulnerabilities Of Small Island Developing States Environmental Sciences Essay

The Vulnerabilities Of Small Island Developing States Environmental Sciences Essay Small Island Developing States (SIDS) comprise small islands and low-lying coastal countries located across the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and Caribbean Sea. While geographical, climatic, cultural and socio-economic dissimilarities exist between these nations, they face common development constraints and vulnerabilities to Climate Change. Growth and development of SIDS is restricted by factors such as limited resources, remoteness and volatile weather patterns. Small populations and remoteness also lead to high transportation and communication costs and minimal opportunity to create economies of scale thereby inducing susceptibility to external shocks. SIDS also generally possesses a heavy dependence on imported petroleum products. High electricity prices therefore also present constraints to economic and social development efforts. Consequentially, eleven SIDS nations are also recognised by the United Nations as Least Developed Countries (LDC). The environmental impact of human activity is increasingly being recognised across the globe. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions largely from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have significantly increased over the last half a century, leading to the Climate Change phenomenon. Symptomatic changes in climate are already being realised, with increasing temperatures, altering rainfall patterns, rising sea-levels and increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters causing social, economic and environmental issues across the globe. While SIDS provide a minimal contribution to global GHG emissions, they are amongst the most vulnerable to its effects. The size of these island states makes them especially susceptible to climatic variations and extreme events as large areas or even entire islands can be directly affected. The consequential economic environmental and social damage can therefore be extensive, without the option of intra-national relief. Key sector such as tourism and agriculture are under serious threat while in some circumstances the very existence of many island states is at risk. Common characteristics of SIDS not only enhance their susceptibility to experiencing a changing climate but give them a low capacity to adapt to such change. Already experiencing many socio-economic issues such as water and food security, intensification of such issues due to climate change may make these countries uninhabitable. This paper aims to identify the major vulnerabilities of SIDS to impending Climate Change and consider the role that developed nations should play in assisting their survival. NATURAL CLIMATE IN SIDS AND PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES Across the globe, the effects of Climate Change are already being observed, with SIDS undoubtedly being affected. Sea surface temperatures have been increasing by 0.1 °C per decade in the oceans where most SIDS are located (45), while annual and seasonal ocean surface and island air temperatures have increased from 0.6 °C to 1.0 °C since 1910 throughout a large part of the South Pacific (46). Studies over the period 1971 to 2004 have also suggest warming to be occurring in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean regions, with trends ranging from 0 °C to 0.5 °C per decade (47). Warming sea temperatures leads to expanding oceans and rising sea levels. This is a key concern for SIDS with the entire Pacific region experiencing a mean rise of +0.77 mm per year (53), while sea-levels in the Caribbean region increase on average by 1mm per year. Local conditions mean there is considerable variation between or even within individual island states. For example, different tectonic movements across the country of Trinidad has lead to rises of about 1mm per year along the west coast, while the south is experiencing an increase of approximately 4mm each year (54). Changing trends in extreme temperatures have also been observed. The annual number of hot days and warm nights in the South Pacific and Caribbean regions has shown increasing trends, as well as a relative decrease in the annual number of cool days and cold nights (48, 49). The climate of SIDS is strongly influenced by the ocean-atmospheric interactions. The El Nià ±o Southern Oscillation and decadal variability play a dominant role in experienced periods of drought and high rainfall and the common generation of tropical cyclones and storms in small island regions. Climate Change is already and expected to continually enhance such extreme weather events. Rainfall patterns are becoming more variable. The Caribbean especially has experienced less consecutive dry days while heavy rainfall events are becoming more frequent (50). These changes are projected only to get worse. The intensity and frequency of cyclnes and tropical storms is also expected to increase. Since 1970 the intensity and duration of storms has increased leading to a greater number reaching category 4 and 5 (51). IMPACTS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE Despite being heavily reliant on fossil-fuel based energy, in comparison to developed and other developing states SIDS use a relatively modest amount of fossil fuels. Consequentially their greenhouse gas emissions remain low, accounting for less than 1% of global emissions (Table. 1). Furthermore, the annual emissions from the Pacific islands is .96 tonnes of carbon dioxide per capita, equating to only 25% of the worldwide average per person. SIDS thus hold minimal responsibility for the current climate change, yet in a sad irony they are likely to be the most severely impacted. Table 1. Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2003 Selected Countries (http://cait.wri.org) Already susceptible to food and water security and human health, climate change is likely to exacerbate such socio-economic issues. Water Resources Poor water quality and water stress is common in SIDS. High rainfall and drought periods associated with El Nià ±o episodes significantly impact water security of small islands, while factors such as limited size, geology and topography make their water resources especially sensitive variations in climate. Inadequate infrastructure such as dams, reservoirs and water distribution networks cause further issues for water security in many SIDS. Small island nations often show a strong dependence on rainfall. Tuvalu and several other countries in the Pacific rely on rainwater as their principal freshwater source; Dominica, in the Caribbean and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, show almost complete dependence on surface water from streams; while many low-lying coral islands and raised atolls are forced to rely on groundwater due to unsubstantial freshwater lenses. Reduced rainfall, a likely consequence of climate change, constrains the amount of physically harvestable water, reduced river flow and slowed recharge of freshwater lenses. Hence the ability to meet agricultural and domestic water demands is severely compromised. Sea-level rise and flooding can also lead to saltwater intrusion and siltation of freshwater systems. Extreme weather events can also increase water pollution with serious implications for human health and the incidence of water-borne diseases. Furthermore, a lack of adequate water infrastructure such as dams and reservoirs, results in high runoff during the rainy seasons and consequential losses of surface and stream water to the sea. Coastal zones Coastal areas of small islands are generally the site for major settlements and the centre of economic activity. In the Caribbean more than half the population lives within 1.5km of the shoreline, while islands of the Pacific and Indian Ocean, generally establish their villages on the sand terrace or on the beach itself. Communities and critical infrastructure such as schools, electricity generation plants, fuel storage facilities, police stations and hospitals are therefore in direct risk of rising sea-levels and extreme weather events. In the case of a disaster populations are thereby left without basic social services. Rising sea-levels lead to coastal erosion and in some cases inundation, while physical damage from hurricanes and cyclones also threaten vital coastal assets and human lives of small islands. From 1950 to 2004 76% of the reported disasters in the Pacific island region was cyclones with the average cost per cyclone estimated at US$75.7 million (in 2004 value), while the 2004 hurricane season alone caused damage of around US$2.2 billion in only four countries the , Grenada, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. Biodiversity and Tourism Geographical isolation has allowed the formation of many unique species, making these islands home to a significant proportion of the worlds biodiversity. However, human activity is posing serious threats to the natural ecosystems of SIDS. Extensive deforestation has occurred for infrastructural development and agriculture, with more than one quarter of the small island states demonstrating greatly reduced forest cover. Terrestrial and marine ecosystems are also experiencing increasing degradation and pollution and overexploitation. Coral cover has declined by up to 80% over the last 3 years in reefs of the Caribbean, with pollution, sedimentation and over-fishing has been determined to be largely responsible. Climate Change will have further consequences for biodiversity and the health of natural ecosystems. Apart from the arising environmental concerns, ensuing social and economic issues also follow due to compromised environmental services. Physical damage from more frequent and intense natural disasters presents severe implications for marine and terrestrial biodiversity. Sea-level rise and associated flooding can lead to salinisation of soils and adverse effects to mangrove forests. Rises in ocean surface temperature and carbon dioxide concentration further threaten coral reefs, leading to coral bleaching events and decreased calcification rates. Based on projected CO2 levels, it has been suggested that the calcification rate of corals could decrease by about 14 percent to 30 percent by 2050(57). Coral reefs play an important role for small islands, providing key nurseries for fish species, protection of the beach and tourism opportunities. Many SIDS rely on one or few economic activities, with tourism and travel commonly accounting for more than 25% of Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) and in some cases more than 50% (12). Natural disasters and degradation of ecosystems can severely impact this income generation. Changing weather- changing distribution of species Agriculture and fisheries Agriculture is highly valued and depended upon in SIDS for both subsistence requirements and economic development. Many islands however have limited arable land and prime agricultural regions are generally located on the coastal plains. Climate change and associated sea-level rise therefore poses a significant risk of further reduction of available farming land due to inundation and salinisation. Extreme weather events also adversely impact food crops and other livelihood resources. Cyclones, hurricanes and floods can cause irreparable damage while extended droughts and shortened growing seasons would also reduce yields. Such events have serious implications for food security while reduced exports of cash crops compromises their foreign exchange earnings and position in world trade. Climate change however is likely to affect varying degrees of economic losses among different island states. Viti Levu, a high island in Fiji, is estimated to have the potential to endure costs in the range of US$23 to 52 million per year by 2050. The low island of Tarawa in Kiribati however faces annual costs of US$8 to 16 million. These costs would represent only 2-3% of Fijis GDP in 2002 and 17-18% of Kiribatis GDP for the same year (58). Fisheries are also a critical sector in many SIDS, contributing up to 10% of the GDP. The El Nià ±o / La Nina cycle already causes visible variations in tuna catches, demonstrating the sensitivity of fish stocks to climate variability. Climate change poses the risk of stimulating altered migration patterns and the depth of fish stock, affecting the distribution and availability of fish species with socio-economic consequences. Human Health Global warming may lead to a variety of associated human health issues. Direct threats to human welfare include injuries and fatalities from extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes and landslides, while increased frequency and duration of heat waves can also be expected to increase the risk of heat stress, illness, and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially amongst the elderly. A changing climate can also have indirect implication on human health. Increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns may lead to an increase in water and vector-borne diseases. In 2008, there were 247 million cases of malaria worldwide and nearly one million deaths, mostly among children. Malaria is most commonly caused by the parasites, carried by mosquitoes. Increasing temperatures and flooding events provide favourable environments for mosquitoes; hence climate change is likely to expand the spread of mosquito and the risk of malaria contraction. Variation in precipitation and temperature will also increase the prominence of dengue fever, with such weather patterns attributable several cases in Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago during the period 1980-2000. Storm surges and flooding events also heighten water pollution, leading to water-borne diseases such as cholera and the diarrheal diseases caused by organisms such as giardia, salmonella and cryptosporidium. Furthermore, deceases in rainfall may lead to reduced available freshwater for human use and consumption, increasing the risk of disease. Secondary malnutrition may increase due to declines in water quality and decreases in agricultural productivity. ADAPTATION ACTION Due to the current accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and with recommended emission targets from the IPCC failing to be met by major greenhouse gas emitters, the effects of Climate Change are unavoidable (61). Coupled with the severity in which this is predicted to affect Small Island Developing States, it is imperative that adaptive action is taken for the survival of these nations. A number of adaptation initiatives have been implemented by SIDS on a local scale, often in an ad hoc manner. For example, since Hurricane Ivan, it has become common practice in Jamaica to place concrete blocks on the top of zinc roofs. Typhoon resistant housing has been implemented in the Philippines after Typhoon Sisang in 1987; and improved housing design is also evident in Costa Rica and Equador, with elevated houses or a reinforced concrete strip as a foundation so that the bamboo walls do not touch the ground and are protected from fungal deterioration. There are many avenues available to address water security issues. Promotion of drought tolerant vegetation and establishment of river buffer zones enhances the resilience of rivers and catchment areas. National water policies can be used to encourage efficient water use, advocating water saving devices, while revision of building codes can work to improve water resource management, by increasing opportunities for rainwater catchments and storage. The Cajete Terrace agro-systems of Mexico provide an innovative example of adaptation measures to enhance water use efficiency and enables food to be sustainably grown on steep erosion prone slopes4. This works by excess water being fed from sloping terraces into tanks (Cajetes). The water, which would otherwise not be absorbed into the soil, is collected inside the cajetes and slowly seeps into the surrounding soils after the rain has ended. Eroded nutrient rich soil is also trapped inside of the cajetes and later gathered and distributed into the fields. Adaptable farming systems has also be achieved by African farmers through intercropping, diversification of herds and incomes, such as the introduction of sheep in place of goats4. Climate Monitoring, Forecasting and Early Warning Systems can be an invaluable tool to reduce the impacts of climate change. A National Community Based Flood Early Warning System has been established in the Philippines, allowing predictions and timely responses to possible storm events or flooding. With such equipment, outlooks with lead times of two to six months before the onset of an event may be possible6. Vector dispersion probabilities could also be monitored with such warning systems, allowing opportunities for putting interventions in place, thereby preventing excessive illness and mortality during disease epidemics such as Malaria6. In terms of food production, these systems enable better timed planting and harvesting, opportunity for informed decision of alternative cultivar or crop use, better planned food storage according to future need, and preparation of alternative food procurement strategies in advance1. This would mean more efficient use of seeds, labour, and other household resources in farming and food procurement. Such systems also demonstrate the benefits of regional arrangements pooling resources. Regional management of early warning systems is much more effective in enhancing adaptive capacity than national management. Education and promotion of responsible environmental practices is also necessary, such as training of fishermen and women in sustainable fishing practices and farmers in sustainable land use practices. Land use plans and subsequent enforcement strategies can also be utilised to achieve less destructive environmental practices such as reducing deforestation. Mangrove and coral systems should be protected to maintain their integrity. This can be achieved through discouraging pollution and restricting development in coastal areas. Controlled coastal development can also minimise exposure of people and property to coastal erosion and inundation. Relocation programs have been applied in many states to varying degrees. Frequent flooding and erosion necessitated 100 villagers in Lateu Vanuatu to be moved 600m from the coast to higher ground, while Carteret Islanders are being relocated to neighbouring Papua New Guinean island, Bougainville, in response to the excessive impacts of sea-levels rise. Reconstruction of groynes, building sand dune fences and beach renourishment (planting of trees along the coast) has also been used to protect the beach profile and mitigate the impact of coastal erosion on communities. Building national and regional adaptive capacity and providing further options for adaptation is an important component of many SIDS adaptive programs. This involves strengthening institutions, policies and regulations and linking adaptive strategies with sustainable development. Hence, many SIDS have identified investment into renewable and non-polluting energy systems as a priority. This would not only reduce climate change inducing greenhouse gas emissions, but would promote long-term energy security. ROLE OF DEVELOPED NATIONS Adaptation The low emission levels of SIDS means their policy actions are primarily focused on adaptation. However, these countries do not have the capacity to fully fund the required adaptation. The World Bank has estimated adaptation in developing countries to require between US$10 billion and US$40 billion. Additional resources, including finances and technological knowledge, are therefore required from the international community to facilitate SIDS in building their capacity to adapt to a changing climate and develop sustainably. Currently there is no specific fund which addresses the concerns of SIDS in relation to Climate Change. However global funding sources are available to assist with the costs associated with adaptation. The Adaption Fund, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and The Special Climate Change Fund provide fiscal support for projects aimed at reducing vulnerability while increasing adaptive capacities to the adverse effects of climate change. This is generally achieved through technology transfer, economic diversification, investments in non-polluting, efficient and renewable energy and sustainable development with regards to energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management. For SIDS also considered to be LDCs, the Least Developed Countries Fund, established under the UNFCCC is also available with associated National Adaption Programs of Action. These programs of action combine sustainable development and adaption objectives, focusing on water resources, food securi ty and agriculture, disaster preparedness and risk management, coastal zone management and infrastructure, natural resources management and community level adaptation. Some adaptation programs are targeted at multiple countries (For example, the GEF-UNDP project Piloting Climate Change Adaptation to Protect Human Health and the GEF-World Bank project on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in the Caribbean region ), while others are more specific in their application locality. In executing such adaption programs, it is essential the international intervention is sensitive to the local contexts and requirement of the target island state/s. Projects should ultimately aim to enhance national and region capacity for long-term sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change. Dependence on external assistance must be carefully avoided as with implementation of ignorant hence potentially harmful strategies. Valuing traditional knowledge is a critical means of maximising the potential long-term benefits of projects and ensuring their suitability. For example, to assist food security despite erratic rainfall and cyclones farmers of Timor Island have developed their own varieties of major staple crops. Peru farmers provide another example, using an ancient irrigation draining system waru waru, or raised field agriculture, which makes it possible to bring into production the low-lying, flood-prone, poorly drained lands. The shallow canals provide moisture during droughts, drainage during the rainy season and also buffer against night-time frosts. The Zai technique in Burkina Faso also provides an example of a cost-effective adaptation measure to enhance productivity4. Farmers dig pits in the soil to collect organic material carried by the wind during the dry season, at the start of the rainy season farmers add organic matter from animals which attracts termite activity resulting in termite tunnels that can collect rain deep enough that it doesnt evaporate, and thus increasing soil fertility. Incorporating local knowledge and practices into initiatives not only makes communities more likely to adopt adaptive strategies but they also have a greater chance of success due to being contextually appropriate. To ensure benefit maximisation, initiatives should be applied on a community level. Local stakeholders and community members should be involved in all stages of the project to ensure all of their ideas and concerns are incorporated into the design and implementation. Local involvement will also enhance capacity building and self-sufficiency of target communities. Positive examples of this occurring include in Bangledesh where volunteers have been trained to help in cyclone warning, evacuation, rescue, first aid emergency relief and the use of radio communication equipment4. The Caribbean Climate Change Centre was also established through the Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change project, allowing climate change concerns to be addressed locally. Despite the efforts of such projects further advances in adaptation capacity and technology transfer is still required. For full realization of benefits, climate change adaptation must be addressed in conjunction with developmental activities. Disaster preparedness, land-use planning, environmental conservation, coastal planning, and national plans for sustainable development complement the objectives of enhancing adaptive capacity. Hence this relationship should be reflected through relevant policies. Mitigation Climate Change poses disproportionate impacts across the globe. While their greenhouse gas emissions are insignificant compared to other countries, the future viability or even survival of many Small Island Developing States is severely threatened. High level emitters, especially developed nations such as Australia, therefore have a responsibility to reduce their contribution to Climate Change. Lobbying for such action is challenging for SIDS due to their international representation. SIDS are members of the negotiating coalition of developing countries, Group of 77 and China (G77/China). Unfortunately, some of the largest greenhouse gas emitters among developing countries are also members. Hence these countries present reluctance to reduce GHG emissions because of their development objectives. Further difficulties arise with members of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) also being G77/China constituents. Short-term economic motivations of such countries would deter them from cutting greenhouse gas emissions, under the justification of common but differentiated responsibilities. Continuing emissions from these large developing countries directly threatens the viability of SIDS and compromises their power i n inflicting necessary change among high emitting developed nations. This variance between developing country negotiating partners therefore must be overcome, to protect the existence of Small Island Developing States. CONCLUSION The effects of Climate Change continue to augment with historic greenhouse emissions presenting now unavoidable consequences and action to mitigate excessive global emissions proving inadequate. In comparison to developed and other developing nations, the 51 Small Island Developing States contribute minimally to global greenhouse emissions, yet incongruously it is these nations that are projected to experience the greatest adversity from resulting changes in climate. These countries already endure water and food security and human health issues, with characteristics such as remoteness, limited resources and small physical size and population compromising their development, especially in a sustainable sense. Hence, these countries have a low adaptive capacity with instability in climatic events only going further their socio-economic issues and in some cases, the continued existence of such island states is seriously under threat. Given their limited resources for action, Small Island Developing States require assistance from the international community in terms of both Climate change mitigation and adaption. With their low emission, SIDS have low mitigation potential. Hence, high greenhouse gas emitters must take responsibility to improve their environmentally hazardous practices for the global good. Financial and technical support can also be provided by developed countries to enhance the adaptive capacity and overall resilience of SIDS. Existing funding programs and frameworks should be extended and a specific fund for SIDS established (similar to the LDS fund), to achieve the necessary but exorbitant costs of adaptation. Most importantly however, international intervention must be contextually sensitive and employ local involvement and knowledge to ensure legitimate capacity building, resilience and self-sufficiency of Small Island Developing States.

Analysis of Percy Jackson and the Olympians Essay -- Character, Greek

The fact that Percy Jackson has friends is incredible. It’s an unshakable fact that any friend of his within a ten mile radius will be in a life or death situation with him by dinner, and they aren’t always so lucky as him. But that’s getting ahead of ourselves. Over the course of the five-part contemporary young adult series Percy Jackson & The Olympians, titular character Percy Jackson must embrace his Greek God parentage and save Olympus with the help of his fellow demigods. The aim of this paper is to discuss his Hero’s Journey throughout the series, provide an in depth character analysis, and draw parallels between Percy and the three classic Greek heroes of mythology: Perseus, Theseus, and Hercules. The first novel of the series, Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief , is where Percy’s Hero’s Journey begins, encompassing the first five stages. The Ordinary World, the first stage, is the introduction of the main hero. â€Å"The hero, uneasy, uncomfortable or unaware, is introduced sympathetically so the audience can identify with the situation or dilemma† (Campbell). Percy Jackson, a twelve year old diagnosed with both dyslexia and ADHD living in New York with his loving, over-worked mother and abusive stepfather, begins his story attending a boarding school for â€Å"troubled youth† and having a less than spectacular time being the new kid. Despite his good intentions of protecting his only friend Grover from a bully, Percy gets in trouble at school and is pulled aside by one of his teachers, whom is revealed to be the Fury Alecto, one of Hades’s servants in disguise. It is at this point in the story in which the second stage, The Call to Adven ture, comes into play. Percy defeats the Fury with the help of a centaur named Chiron, t... ...Journey and examine the heroic parallels between Percy Jackson and the great Greek heroes Perseus, Theseus, and Hercules through a timeless lense. Works Cited Campbell, Joseph. "The Hero's Journey Outline." Hero's Journey. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. . Eliade, Mircea. "In Search of Cupid and Psyche: Chapter Two." In Search of Cupid and Psyche: Chapter Two. Harper & Row, 1 Jan. 1963. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. . Riordan, Rick. Percy Jackson & The Olympians. Neu bearb. Ausg. ed. Hamburg: Hyperion, Print. Wistrom, Elizabeth . "Percy Jackson: Character Analysis." Bright Hub Education. N.p., 20 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Apr. 2014. .

Corporate Average Fuel Economy Essay -- essays research papers

Corporate Average Fuel Economy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The foreshadowed Market Failures of the mid 1970's gave way to Corporate Average Fuel Economy, regulation which would call for new standards in automobile fuel efficiency. The market failures hinged on a number of outside variables which could have had a drastic effect on domestic markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resource Scarcity drove the American public to call for a more efficient means of managing its resource use due to a) oil embargos on nondomestic products and b) skyhigh prices at the pump.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conservation of the world's non-renewable resources cams to the foreground with a) higher pump prices and b) forecasted resource expenditure before the year 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With Corporate Average Fuel Economy in place the market failures should be partially alleviated and pressures due to restricted international resources should subside. The regulated fuel efficiency should allow the market to resume its national flow and regain stability without further manipulation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reliance on imported fuels would be minimized because of the a) decreased demand for fuel consumption and b) lowered fuel demand allowed for domestic producers to meet the basic needs of the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maximum fuel efficiency would a) cut the amount of fuel consumption thus nullifying high pump prices and b) raise the level of conservati...

Friendly Gossip is an Oxymoron :: Friendship Essay

Friendly Gossip is an Oxymoron "Can you keep a secret?" Becky asked me in a hushed tone. We were in my living room. Last I checked, my walls don't have ears. I had no idea why she was speaking so quietly. "Why? What is it?" I was wise to this type of chit-chat. She wanted to tell me a piece of gossip that she wasn't supposed to reveal. Her betrayal was quickly becoming my problem. Before I could respond negatively, she burst out, "Jennifer is pregnant!. She just found out and told me, but asked me not to tell anyone. You won't tell, will you?" She continued, "Just act surprised when she tells you." "Okay," I managed halfheartedly. How unfair. Now I knew something I shouldn't; even worse, I had to "pretend" to be clueless. Becky hadn't even given me a chance to say, "No, I don't want to know." I honestly didn't want to know. I had been in similar situations before and gotten burned. I lost a dear friend because of revealed secrets and gossip. Curiosity doesn't even get the best of me anymore. Now the games begin, I thought. Should I betray Becky or Jennifer? History repeats itself and I knew nothing but distrust would come of this conversation. Unfortunately, there is truly no such thing as "friendly gossip." At that moment, I knew that I couldn't trust Becky. Had she been revealing all the confidences that I shared with her in the past? She had always been a close friend. She was also that friend from whom I always learned the latest scoop on everyone. I started thinking of the countless secrets that I told her over the four years we knew each other. Many of those conversations became public. I hadn't thought she was the person who told. I hadn't considered that someone who claimed to be a dear friend would divulge my feelings. I heard an abundance of gossip from her lips. Not until she sat in my living room whispering about Jennifer had I considered she was a blabbermouth. I had told Becky when I discovered I was pregnant. She was ecstatic. I hadn't told anyone else. A few days later, everyone was congratulating me. I was hurt. I wanted to impart my wonderful news. I was deprived of the experience. Despite my hurt feelings, I didn't want to confront her. I didn't tell her that I suspected that she blabbed.

Compare How Time Is Presented in Hour and One Other Poem Essay

Both poems ‘Hour’ and ‘To His Coy Mistress’ present the power time has between two people. ‘Hour’ is a poem about two lovers who have one hour together and explores the ideas of material possesions and a modern reinterpretation of love. Where as ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is a poem where the man is trying to convince the woman to sleep with him and exploring the idea of living and enjoying your life whilst your young. Both of the poems use different types of poetic techniques to depict how time can effect the relationship of two lovers. In ‘Hour’ Duffy uses a metaphor at the start of the poem to allude how love has less power than time. When Duffy announces ‘Love’s time’s beggar, but even a single hour,/bright as a dropped coin, makes love rich. ‘ we see a twist of notion, like every second is like an hour creating a paradox. Duffy also uses refereces to two fairytales, Rumpelstiltskin and King Midas. When Duffy declares ‘the Midas light/turning your limbs to gold. ‘ Duffy portrays a slightly sinister tone almost giving the reader a message to becareful what you wish for just like in the fairytale of King Midas. When Duffy announces at the end of the poem ‘love spins gold, gold, gold from straw’ Duffy refers to the story of Rumpelstlitskin and could be trying to warn her partner of the commitments they may make or perhaps could be telling her readers to have a reality check once in a while because sometimes you may feel like your relationship and the love you share will be forever and extrodinary but time will always shorten or take it away. On the other hand ‘To His Coy Mistress’ opens with and idea of if the two lovers had enough time they would do great things. When Marvell announces ‘Had we but world enough, and time/This coyness, Lady, were no crime,’ he gives the reader an idea of spending all the time in the world with his lover, if they had all the time in the world. When Marvell uses the adjective ‘coyness’ to describe his lover he is saying that his lover’s shyness is a crime and she shouldn’t be so shy but maybe a bit more laid back. Marvell also uses personification of an evil force when he uses the alternate rhyming of ‘time’ and ‘crime’ to portray that the evil force is taking them away. Also when Marvell announces ‘Two hundred to adore each breast;/but thirty thousand to the rest’ he shows that he would spend alot of time admiring her so she would be ready to give him her heart which reals back to the idea if they had all the time in the world but they don’t. Both of the poems use different types of imagery to portray what type of love each couple have for one another. In ‘Hour’ Duffy uses alot of light and dark imagery. When Duffy announces ‘so nothing dark will end our shining hour’ this is a reference to light imagery and she uses this metaphor to say that the couple should enjoy the hour they have. Also Duffy uses alot of concrete nouns in the next stanza such as ‘candle’, ‘chandelier’ and ‘spotlight’ to create the image that nothing is as beautiful as where they are and the hour that they have. However in ‘To His Coy Mistress’ Marvell uses very grotesque imagery to show what will happen to the lovers because of time. Marvell announces ‘My echoing song; then worms shall try/That long preserved virginity’ alluding the grotesque imagery and telling his lover that if she does not lose her virginity then she will die a virgin and would not have enjoyed life as much. Also when Marvell announces ‘My echoing song’ he depicts the love that both of the lovers used to have or perhaps could suggest that they used to share a romance and now have came back to find eachother again to consumate their love. Both poets use different structures to depict their love for one another. In ‘Hour’ Duffy uses four stanza’s that describe how precious and luxurious that one hour is to the couple. Throughout the poem Duffy uses enjambment to create a smooth feeling of the hour that the couple is sharing. When Duffy declares ‘no jewel hold a candle to the cuckoo spit/hungfrom the blade of grass at your ear’ this alludes the enjambment but also Duffy is trying to say that even jewels aren’t as beautiful as the place they are in suggesting society’s modern reinterpretation of love. Whereas ‘To His Coy Mistress’ has three longer stanza’s inituating a well developed argument to declare all the reasons why the mistress should give herself to the man. Marvell does not use enjambment like ‘Hour’ however does use conjunctions to develop it’s argument At the start of stanza two Marvell announces ‘But at my back I always hear/Time’s winged chariot hurrying near’ he starts the stanza with the conjuction ‘But’ which shows the conjuction. Also Marvell personifies time as a robber taking time away from the two lovers and starts to present slightly bleack image of the time they have to spend together. In conclusion I think that both poems relate well to eacother and give the readers also something to relate to. For instintance in ‘Hour’ audiences can relate because time has maybe taken away their partner or how much time they spend with eathother and ‘To His Coy Mistress’ howe ver can relate to people only wanting to live in the moment and not being in a relationship. Although they are set out differentley and talk about different things they both both present the idea of how powerful time is and how it can be taken for granted.

Effect of Part Time Work Among Student Essay

In today’s world, just as almost all individuals who are obligated to meet their own needs have to find a well-paid job, a myriad of students also fell obliged to work in order to afford their educational expenses because of their economical conditions. In this regard, there are a lot of positive or negative effects of this case in terms of gaining a sense of responsibility and academic failure. To begin with gaining a sense of responsibility, it is a well-known fact that having a job is a contributory factor in gaining a sense of responsibility. A job enables people to determine their prioritites and show respect to business ethics. Students who have a job could learn numerous useful knowledge on how to organize their time properly. Moreover, they would understand how to combat social and economical problems in their lives. Eventually, should you work and study at the same time,you need to be disciplined and self organized person. On the orher hand, academic failure can be regarded as the negative aspects of having a part time job. Ä °t is quite likely that students who are forced to work and study at the same time may not allocate sufficient amount of time to their studies. Due to this, although individuals in question show great determination to study,they may not pass their exams and they may fail in their studies. All in all, whilst gaining a sense of responsibility is the favorable aspects of having a part time job, academic failure can be regarded as the unfavorable outcomes of this. In this sense, in my opinion, positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects.

Government Intervention in the Workplace and Economic Development Essay

In a free economic system, the decisions made by the buyers and decisions made by the suppliers, determine equilibrium prices and levels of output, in a free market. Scarce resources are thus allocated according to the competing pressures of demand and supply. An increase in demand of a product, signals the producers to increase the supply of the commodity, as potential profit levels increase so as to meet the increased demand. The working of a free market mechanism is a strong tool which has been used in determining allocation of resources among competing ends (Riley, 2006). There exists an increased claim that when issues, and policies are left on their own economic devices rather than instigating a state control on them, it would result to a more harmonious and equal society with increase in economic development. This concept is based on the liberal theory of economics which was first believed to be formulated by Adam Smith. It proposes a society where there is minimal government intervention in the economy. When government intervenes in workplaces, does it result to economic development? This is an issue of contention between various economists, and we shall look at both the advantages and the disadvantages of government intervention in working places and the effect on economic development (Mishra, Navin & Geeta, 2006). The government has various goals and it may intervene in the price mechanism, in order to change resource allocation, with a view to attain a specific social or economic welfare. The government intervenes in the free market system so as to influence allocation of resources in ways that will be favorable in meeting their goals. These goals might include correcting a market failure, achieving a more equitable wealth distribution in the economy, or general improvement in the performance of the economy. These interventions however come with a certain cost on the working of economic systems (Mishra, Navin & Geeta, 2006). Government has continually set rules and regulations that govern conditions and operations in work places. These rules and regulations, may affect supply or output of a certain commodity. We shall examine different areas that the government has intervened in work places and its consequent effect on the economy. It is in order for government to intervene as it has multiple macro-economic goals of achievement of economic development, full employment, and price stability, among others. These goals sometimes are contradictory as the achievement of one goal affects the attainment of the other (Brux, 2008). Price controls In various work places the government can impose price controls. There are two forms of price controls which can be imposed by the government. The government can impose high prices for certain goods which are referred to as floor prices. This is a price that is set in which a commodity cannot be sold below this price. Consumers are thus required to pay high prices for these commodities regardless whether the demand is low or otherwise. It ensures that the income by the producers of these commodities is higher than they could have otherwise obtained in a deregulated market (Petkantchin, 2006). The other type of price control is what is referred as price ceiling. It is a price that is set by the government, whereby suppliers are not allowed to exceed this price. It is an incentive to ensure that needy buyers or consumers can obtain this commodity at a lower price. This control is mostly found in the main utilities such as telecommunications, water, gas and others. Free market economists argue that this control increases the burden of costs to businesses which damage their competitiveness as a result of huge amount of red tape (Riley, 2006). When prices are freely set by the market, they easily regulate the economy. Producers are able to determine which products are highly valued and preferred by the consumers, they help them ascertain the management methods and technologies which will produce the greatest economic well being. Firms therefore attain incentives in order to innovate, integrate desired management skills in order to produce the desired commodities. Prices are also good indicators of the availability of resources. If the price of a commodity increases as a result of shortage, it signals the producer that, the there is a need to cut back on wastage of that resource, and efficient use of it. In general terms, prices enable economic players to enhance the most efficient use of scarce economic resources. When the government controls prices, whether in form of a price floor or a price ceiling, then it becomes a disadvantage to the economy (Petkantchin, 2006). The government requires that in order for a certain business to be conducted, a license is necessary. This is a form of government intervention in work places, since it creates barriers to entry for potential competition. According to Brux (2008), licenses are issued to ensure that customers are protected from inferior quality goods and services. Licenses however, are harmful to these consumers when they are a requirement of the law. This is because they reduce the availability of a certain commodity or service in a particular area, more so when there is a quota on the number of licenses to be issued. It is also detrimental to the well being of the consumers when the license fees are so high that smaller competitors cannot afford. This limits entry to a certain market which can be a way of creating monopoly. Prices charged on the commodity are higher than when there is a more liberal market. This affects the economic well being of a nation. The government also intervenes in work places by the use of fiscal policies. It alters the level and the pattern of demand for a particular commodity in the market which has its consequences in economic development. One such policy is the use of indirect taxes on demerit goods. This includes goods such as alcohol, tobacco consumption among others. Their consumption comes with a certain cost on the health or the general welfare of the consumer. The government induces such taxes, in order to increase the price and thereby increase the opportunity cost of consumption. Consumer demand towards such commodities decreases. This intervention means that these industries would not perform at their optimal point. They reduce their production so as to cater for the reduced demand of their commodities. It is a compromise on full employment that macro economic policies try to achieve, and as a result lower the level of economic development (Brux, 2008). Employment laws that govern businesses have been put in place by the government. They are a form of government interventions that also affect economic development. In the employment law, the government offers some legal protection for workers by setting the maximum working hours or setting the minimum wages to be paid to workers. Organizations are thus controlled in form of wages paid to workers, which should have otherwise been left to be determined by the competitive laws of labor demand and supply. The effect of this intervention is an increase in the amount that an organization spends on wages. There is also a limitation that is placed by the government in form of working hours. This acts to curtail production levels which have a negative effect on the GDP. The profitability of the firm is also affected by increasing its operation costs. This reduces organizational profits that would have been used to increase the level of organizational investments (Riley, 2006). When the government pays subsidies, it intervenes in the work places as it will obtain the money from businesses and public borrowing. This is an increase in public expenditure which means that the government has to increase the interest rates in order to attract funds from investors. Increase in interest rates has negative effect on businesses. This is because the cost of borrowing finances for investments increases which reduces the overall profitable ventures that are available for the business. The overall activity of business is thus curtailed or in more general terms the level of investment in the economy decreases. A decrease in the level of investment reduces the aggregate demand which inhibits economic development (FunQA. com, 2009). Government intervention is sometimes in form of tariffs. The government intervenes in imported products by imposing high taxes on them. They do this in order for the government to earn income and protect the local industries. When a consumer consumes these goods, he/she pays high prices for them which make the consumer worse off. The consumer is thus forced to consume less of other products and services. In the macro economy, the effect is to reduce demand of other goods and services which will make the economy to be worse off. This government intervention has a negative impact on economic development (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). It is very common for both the small and big businesses to call in the government so as to protect them. Small businesses requests the government to offer them less regulation while increase the same on the big businesses. They also ask for fair pricing laws which act to hurt the consumers. Pricing laws keep prices for commodities high, since they come in form of price floors and hurt efficient competitors. This is because efficient competitors are capable of offering the same commodity in form of quality and quantity at a lower price but the law by the government prohibits such. Competition is thus hindered to a greater extent as prices are maintained at a high level. If the commodity in question is an essential commodity, it would results to inflation which has adverse effects on economic development (Brux, 2008). Market Liberalization The government sometimes uses its power in order to introduce fresh competition into a certain market. This will happen in the case where the government breaks the monopoly power of a certain firm. It ensures that competitors can penetrate the market which enhances the quality of products and services which are offered to the consumers. It introduces a more liberal economy, where the market is not controlled by one player who dictates on the prices and the level of output. These are the laws of competition policy, which act against price fixation by companies and other forms of anti-competitive behavior (Riley, 2006). Other benefits that arise from government intervention include correction of externalities. Externalities can be defined as the spill over costs or in some cases benefits. Externalities make the market to operate in a level that the amount of output and the level of production are not at a socially optimal level. When there is a lot of corn being produced, the law of demand and supply will mean that price has to decrease as supply exceeds demand. When the government allows the price of corn to decrease beyond a certain level, the producers of corn will be at a loss which will de motivate further production of corn. In such circumstances, the government intervenes by the use of price floor where price would not go below that limit. Leaving the market forces to adjust the price and output will socially affect some sectors of the economy and as such lead to the welfare of citizens being worse off (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Another reason as to why the government intervenes in the economy is to correct market failures. Consumers sometimes lack adequate information as to the benefits and costs which come from the consumption of a certain product. Government thus imposes laws that will ensure that the consumers have adequate information about the products so as to improve the perceived costs and benefits of a product. Compulsory labeling that is done on cigarette packages is one of those legal concerns that give adequate health warnings to cigarette smokers. It is a way in which the government protects its citizens from exploitation and harmful habits that would affect them in the long run. This might have a short term effect in form of decreased profits on Tobacco manufacturers, but long term effects on improved health of consumers and a saving on future medical expenses (Riley, 2006). According to Riley (2006), it will be known that government intervention does not always result into the plans and strategies set or prediction by economic theory. It is rare for consumers and businesses to behave the way the government exactly wanted them to behave. This in economics has been referred to as law of unintended consequences which can come into play in any government intervention. This would have negative consequences on the economic level since inappropriate policies would mean negative effects and influence. The market is able to maintain itself in equilibrium through price mechanisms and other economic factors. When the government intervenes, it affects this smooth operation of the market and this may lead to either shortages or surpluses. The effect becomes worse when the government relies on poor information in making these interventions in workplaces. The effects might be expensive to the administration of businesses, and the interventions might also be disruptive to the operations of the business if these interventions are major and frequent. It might also remove some liberties (Pearson Education Inc. , 2010). Government interventions in workplaces should not be aimed to create great changes in the market. The conditions prevailing in the economy should be well reviewed and analyzed. This will ensure that threats that can damage the economy have been identified and measures against such taken. It would be of great advantage if government interventions are designed to facilitate the smooth working of the economy rather than implementing a new and a direct control over the market. They should be assessed on whether they lead to a better use of scarce resources, whether fairness is being upheld in the intervention and whether the policy enhances or reduces the capacity of future generations in improving economic activity (Riley, 2006). Conclusion Some economists believe that with perfect competition, there will be no need for any government intervention. Is it therefore wise to leave the economy to the doctrine of laissez-fare where there is no control or intervention by the government? As much as there exists some negative effects on economic development due to government control, the benefits which accrue as a result of controlled government intervention would be under no circumstances be compared with the risks that would accrue when the government adopts the liberal economic structure. References Brux, J. (2008). Economics Issues and Policy. 4th ed. Ohio: Cengage Learning FunQA. com, (2009). Economics: Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Intervention? Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://www. funqa. com/economics/92-Economics-2. html Mishra, R. Navin, B. & Geeta P. eds. (2006). Economic liberalization and public enterprises. ISBN 8180692574 Pearson Education, Inc. (2010). Reasons for government intervention in the market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_uk_he_sloman_econbus_3/18/4748/1215583. cw/index. html Petkantchin, V. (2006). The Pernicious Effects of Price Controls. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://docs. google. com/viewer? a=v&q=cache:mYXWxJC6EpMJ:www. iedm. org/uploaded/pdf/avr06_en. pdf+Price+controls+and+their+effects&hl=en&gl=ke&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShvcqptHKj3Y_Mrxy5hhG7resIp_Y7FVbxWwhBqmLTBqzdSn3hvuXLutFYW9m1uRWom_D5InOy5G5Jp5AMTuCoFxKA-Rj-1tbrOA0PrnDz5VOBbruMR2HYdYcYm-SLf5Oq_aZBm&sig=AHIEtbTFfKO-NWp1d5bX2HTlouAB_gP1fQ Riley, G. (2006). Government Intervention in the Market. Retrieved 21 May 2010, from http://tutor2u. net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-government-intervention-2. html

Implications of Gender Roles in Oresteia Essay Example

Implications of Gender Roles in Oresteia Essay Example Implications of Gender Roles in Oresteia Essay Implications of Gender Roles in Oresteia Essay During Greek Rule hundreds of years ago women were put to a standard and expected to maintain it through everything that they do. When any woman did anything out of the norm then they were most likely ridiculed for what they had done. In his play, Oresteia, Aeschylus highlights the implications of gender roles in Greek society with the foiling of Clytemnestra by Electra to illustrate the Greek ideals and views of woman in contrast to their men, the Juxtaposition of Orestes and Clytemnestra as equal in their crime yet differing in Justification and reaction by the horus, and significance of male progression in Justice as carried out through the victory of Apollo over the Euminides despite Justice being carried out by a female goddess, Athena. In every society there are always the people that are classified as being abnormal or opposite of the norm and this is the character Clytemnestra plays in the story Oresteia. When compared to her daughter Electra, Clytemnestra proves to be completely different. Unlike Electra, Clytemnestra was not going to let any man go walking without Justice. When Electras own sister was killed by her father she didnt ee any wrongdoing. The worst part of it is that the person who got sacrificed could have easily been Electra instead. Electra stands by her fathers side, the mans side, the whole time like any woman during those times would. Even after her father is dead Electra says, l call out to my father. Pity me (Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers, line 135), showing that Electra, even though she had nothing to do with the death of her father, believes that she needs to beg her father for forgiveness. Electra herself sees the life of a man more important than the life of a woman. In contrast to that thought, Clytemnestra sees woman Just as equal as men, and that is where they differ. Further on into Electras speech to her father she says make me far more self- possessed than mother, make this hand more pure (Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers, line 145-146). Electra wants to be more in control and assured of herself than what she believes her mother is, and she looks to her father for this assurance. The events in the book prove that there is a huge Juxtaposition between Electra and Clytemnestras views about the roles of woman in society. There is a parallel when it comes to the killings of Iphigenia, Agamemnon and Clytemnestra. Each person believed that what they were doing was acceptable to do in each of their situations. When Agamemnon sacrificed his daughters life he did it because he believed that that was his only option to make peace with Artemis so that he could help his brother in the Trojan War. So in Agamemnons eyes, the sacrifice of his daughter was an order sent by the Gods. When Clytemnestra killed Agamemnon, she also believed it was acceptable because he was the man that killed her own aughter and his own flesh in blood. The final situation was when Orestes killed his mother Clytemnestra in vengeance of his fathers murder. The main difference between all three murders where the reactions from the chorus and citizens of the kingdoms. When Iphigenia and Clytemnestra were killed the chorus was indifferent and almost happy with what happened but when Agamemnon was killed by Clytemnestra, the chorus was in shock that a woman would do such a thing. The hand (Aeschylus, Agamemnon, line 1571-1572) which is in contrast to when Orestes s told But youVe done well. Dont burden yourself with bad omens, lash yourself with guilt. YouVe set us free, the whole city of Argos (Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers, line 1044-1046). These murders were literally done in parallel situations but because Clytemnestra was a woman that killed a man, her offense was found to be a greater crime than Agamemnon and Orestes. In the third book of Oresteia, Orestes is brought to the court of Athena who is the patron of Athens, and tried in front of a Jury for the crime of murdering his mother. Apollo, the God that told Orestes to kill Clytemnestra, fought for Orestes while the Furies fght for Clytemnestra. The furies argued that Orestes killed his own flesh in blood and the woman that bore him. Unfortunately for Clytemnestra though Apollo brings up that Athena was never born by natural birth and never had a mother to raise her. He claims that children dont need mothers, that it is the fathers seed and thats all someone needs. Because of this when it came to a tie vote from the Jury, Athena sided with Apollo and his argument. This shows that even Athena, a woman f great power sees women as useless in a sense. Athena has been solidified to believe that the one thing women were thought to be useful for, in those ages, as not needed. She takes the mans side of things and agrees with Apollo, another man, instead of helping Clytemnestra. Apparently back then; even woman with a high amount of power will hide behind the decisions of powerful men instead of creating their own. Through the differences of Athena and Clytemnestra, the Juxtaposition between the murders of Iphigenia, Agamemnon and Clytemnestra and the decisions made in he Greek court, it is proven that there are significant gender roles and schemas throughout the play Oresteia. There is no question that woman where treated differently and expected to act to a certain way during this time. The play showed a double standard of the expected behaviors between a man and woman and demonstrated all the different ways these standards are ridiculed throughout the society. Of all the things the readers learn one of the biggest things is that it definitely shows the differences in gender roles have drastically changed sense this time.

Jane Addams essays

Jane Addams essays Jane Addams was born on September 6, 1860 in Ceadarville, Illinois. She entered the Womans Medical College of Philadelphia after receiving her A.B. degree from Rockford College in 1882. Addams is remembered as a feminist icon, a social activist, and a reformer. She is one of many female social reformers that was active in the early twentieth century. Her most popular creation was the Hull House in Chicago in 1889. Jane witnessed the heartaches of life, the loss of loved ones, postwar depression, and how people were not able to escape it. Her father, John Addams, whom she admired, encouraged her not to pretend to understand what you didnt understand and to always be honest with yourself inside and out. It was said that women should prove themselves in what was still a mans world. Her travels encouraged her to do something about her concern for the welfare of the other half in other words known as the poor. Jane had inspired other women to work for sanitation and housing laws, to improve school systems, to join the Womens Suffrage, to support the legal protection of immigrants, and anything that would improve the way of life. After seeing Toynbee Hall in London, she realized the need for something similar in her country. It was Toynbee Hall, which inspired the Hull House. On September 18, 1889 the Hull House opened its doors to people in need of relief. Addams and her colleague, Ellen Starr, took care of children who had working mothers, arranged for medical care for the sick, and fought against the diseased streets which spread sickness and disease through the neighborhood. It was the beginning of one of the great social movements in America and was an action that allowed Jane to break away from the roles women were being portrayed by. The Hull House became the community center all throughout Chicago. It was a boys club, an art museum, a theater, a music school, ...

What difference does knowledge of the Argonautica Essays

What difference does knowledge of the Argonautica Essays What difference does knowledge of the Argonautica Essay What difference does knowledge of the Argonautica Essay the fable of Jason and his Argonauts was one rooted in antiquity. The Argonaut fable is referenced in both theOdysseyand theIliad[ 3 ] ; it is apparent that the myth exerted a considerable literary influence for several hundred old ages prior to the authorship of Apollonius [ 4 ] , an influence that peculiarly continued with regard to the coevals of Hellenistic authors of which he was a portion ( 323 BC to 31 BC ) . Apollonius lived and wrote in the metropolis of Alexandria during its most dynamic and culturally centred period. Art, scientific discipline and assorted scholarly chases were encouraged in the booming metropolis. The rational pulsation of Alexandria was directed by its fantastic library, a installation said to possess over 200,000 axial rotations of paperss. [ 5 ] TheArgonautica A drawn-out scrutiny of the narration of theArgonauticais unneeded for the intents of this paper ; a brief sum-up will help in following the analytical points made farther in this reappraisal. TheArgonauticais founded on a well known narrative from Grecian mythology. The full heroic poem has a figure of distinguishable constituents. It is testament to the presumed acquaintance of the myth with his intended audience that Apollonius maintains a really brief debut to his heroic poem ; Apollonius must be assumed to hold understood that a drawn-out thesis about the beginnings of Jason and his pursuit for the Golden Fleece were unneeded for his audience [ 6 ] . The first part of the Argonautica describes the beginnings of the Golden Fleece from the random-access memory of Helle and Praxius. Zeus finally took charge of the Fleece and placed the Fleece under the guard of a firedrake. Mugwump of the actions taken in relation to the Golden Fleece, King Pelias of Iolcus heeds a warning made by an prophet that he must mind the reaching of a adult male have oning one sandal. Jason’s reaching before Pelias appeared to carry through the prophesy and Pelias manoeuvred Jason into the premise of a pursuit to seek the Golden Fleece. Apollonius intervention of the myth of Jason and the Argonauts – a drumhead Apollonius takes the ancient Argonaut myth and expands it to encompass a figure of wide subjects that are developed in the class of the ocean trip of Jason and his crew. The cardinal subjects in this respect are: love ( of which the actions described in the narrative refering the island of Lemnos is a outstanding illustration ) the over arced impression of the quest making friendly relationships and contrasting illustrations of the maltreatment and misdemeanor of friendly relationship the regard and related fright of Zeus and the lesser Gods, tempered by illustrations of humanity among the Gods ( noted below ) the apparently random nature of the events that affected Jason and his crew throughout their ocean trip Against these wide and of all time present subjects Apollonius draws his heroic poem hero, Jason. The mode in which Jason is portrayed through the class of theArgonauticais deeply of import to any comrade reading of theAeneid. In Jason, Apollonius renders a character that would be recognised in modern literature as ananti-heroor protagonist every bit much as they would be identified as a classical hero ; Jason is likely one of the first literary creative activities in known history to be developed in such a manner. The mode in which Jason is depicted throughout the Argonautica resonates in the ulterior creative activity of Vergil’s Aeneas. Jason may de defined in modern footings as an anti-hero through a close scrutiny of his personality and his behavior. He begins the ocean trip with the Argonauts in a place of undoubted leading. He is shortly revealed as the antithesis to the resolute epic leader ; at assorted points his leading boundary lines on the drifting and the ineffective. At other occasions in the ocean trip he is accused of cowardliness. Jason and his assorted romantic relationships including those on the island of Lemnos support a decision that Jason was flawed in his moral mentality. He appears at a figure of points in the narrative to be both down ( such as his reaching at Colchis, as he prepared to retrieve the Golden Fleece ) and spiritually isolated from his crew. [ 7 ] There are few modern-day comparings to the mode in which Apollonius portrays Jason. The traditional Greek literary hero to that clip had been an incarnation of many superior virtuousnesss. In heroic poems written prior to theArgonautica, the hero was constantly a tall, good formed adult male of baronial bearing and demeanor. Such characters were a popular stereotype – the athletic and brave leader of work forces that was closer to god than mortal, a vanquisher of every challenge they of all time faced. An grasp of Jason as a classical precursor to the anti-hero theoretical account aids in the development of a comrade apprehension of theAeneid. Aeneas is a epic character who is besides flawed and one whom Vergil wishes his audience to accept as obviously human. Another going from the earlier authoritative illustrations of the heroic poem manner was the mode in which the Gods were portrayed in theArgonautica. The over siting respect for the powers of the Gods who involved themselves at any clip with the mortal universe in theArgonauticawas one of fright, but at assorted times Apollonius imbues the Gods with plainly human and less awful features. A compelling illustration of this touch of mortality in the Gods was the attempt made by Athena and Hera to seek out the goddess Aphrodite to set up for Medea to fall in love with Jason. [ 8 ] Academic observers have characterized the word picture of the scheming of theseArgonauticaimmortals, in contrast to the reverent intervention of the Gods by Homer, as a puting similar in its tone to one that Apollonius might hold described if he were detecting a group of ladies in waiting at an 18th century European royal family. [ 9 ] Important literary characteristics of theArgonautica A unequivocal listing of every illustration of the literary devices and techniques that set apart theArgonauticafrom what had passed before in the history of Grecian literature, with a corresponding recitation of how each bears an of import relationship to theAeneid, would probably function to render the chief points of this analysis excessively diffuse. However, a figure of illustrations may be highlighted to exemplify how Vergil used assorted characteristics from theArgonauticato to the full develop the Aeneid [ 10 ] . These characteristics include: ( I ) the focal point of Apollonius upon erotism ( two ) the fluctuation in the tone and the usage of the first individual remarkable employed at points throughout the work ( three ) the usage of allusion aiton, the usage of a brief account incorporated into the flow of the narrative sing a peculiar facet of the larger narrative and narrative assorted pragmatism techniques the sense of purpose present in each hero ; both Jason and Aeneas are end driven and for the most portion absorbed in their several pursuits Defects of theArgonauticathat impact upon its consideration sing the Aeneid As obliging a rendition of the ancient Grecian myths as theArgonauticaconveys, the Apollonius heroic poem has been subjected to important unfavorable judgment both with regard to its content and its building. These critical observations possibly summarized as follows: TheArgonauticais an imbalanced work that lacks all right building ; events are sometimes described in one transition and the undermentioned narrative transition apparently unfolds in a distant topographic point, ensuing in spreads in the narrative [ 11 ] TheArgonauticais a narrative that unfolds over a series of long narrative transitions that describe episodes that are non ever neatly connected to one another in the true heroic poem manner [ 12 ] TheArgonauticaand Vergil in a historical context Born in 70 BC, Vergil wrote the Aeneid in the wake of the most disruptive period of Roman history to that clip. In the old ages taking up to the creative activity and the completion of the Aeneid, the Roman province had sustained the civil war of Caesar versus Pompey, and the results of the conflicts of Philippi and Actium ( 31 BC ) . There is no inquiry that by clip of theAeneid, theArgonauticawas a well regarded and widely available beginning of both inspiration and text stuff for Vergil. With mention to theArgonauticawritten over 200 old ages earlier, theAeneidinvokes three distinguishable modern-day literary traditions, viz. : the intended public usage of the work ; the heroic poem was created as a public statement the mythology of the long and involved heroic poem the dry tradition of the heroic poems of the Alexandrian period ( including theArgonautica) [ 13 ] While he draws upon a different and Trojan centred mythology, Vergil like Apollonius reaches deep into his available recorded history to show theAeneid. Aeneas had foremost been described as a epic figure in the earlier Grecian plants in the 5th century BC. Important manner and content similarities between theArgonauticaand theAeneid There are legion scholarly interventions of theArgonauticaand theAeneidthat circumstantially analyse each work for similarities. A figure of of import general relationships must be understood to appreciate the influence of theArgonauticaupon Vergil [ 14 ] . Like Apollonius, Vergil is non a slave to literary convention. The usage of the explanatoryaitonis an illustration common to both. In general footings, each heroic poem succeeds in avoiding predictable and formulistic narrative relation. Each author had exposure to profound and immediate cultural influences. For Vergil, it was the late ended series of civil wars. Apollonius wrote in the influential domain of Callimachus, librarian and custodian of the great library of Alexander. Both heroic poems are uncomplete ; theArgonauticaterminals at the 8th book of the heroic poem and the narration is clearly capable of being extended. TheAeneidhas gaps in its construction that confirm that it was non finished at the clip of Vergil’s decease. Each of the heroic poem heroes is directed to fulfill a end ( the pursuit for the Golden Fleece, the conflict to make Italy and set up domination over the state ) Although the several narrations are non complete or are otherwise missing from a literary position, both heroic poems convey a sense of completeness on the several parts of their heroes ; each accomplishes the aim that they were tasked to seek throughout the narrative. At assorted points in both theAeneidand theArgonautica, the reader can clearly feel the rules of rapprochement, peace and forgiveness that transpire as a portion of the securing of the larger nonsubjective [ 15 ] . The relationship between Jason and Medea as depicted by Apollonius is reworked into the Aeneid in the signifier of the love affair between Aeneas and Queen Dido. While Vergil alters the nature of the love matter, the sense of what transpired on the island of Lemnos is revived in theAeneid. Decision As noted in the Introduction, cognition of theArgonauticais non indispensable to the reading of theAeneid. It is suggested that the powerful linkages between the two plants, in affairs of historical mentions, literary construction and the portraiture of its heroes that theArgonauticais a extremely desirable requirement survey to procure an optimum apprehension of theAeneid. The relationship between the two plants is non symbiotic but one where theArgonauticaexerts significance influence upon the ulterior work [ 16 ] . One may reason that Homer continued to exercise a greater influence upon Vergil than did Apollonius. Such would be the topic for a ulterior paper. Bibliography Beye, C.R. and John Gardner,Epic and Romance in the Argonautica of Apollonius. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1982 Beye, C.R. Vergil and Apollonius. In: Christine Perkell.Reading Vergil s Aeneid: An Interpretive Guide.1999 Beye, C.R.Ancient Epic Poetry: Homer, Apollonius, Virgil. 1993 Boardman, J. et Al ( ed. )Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World Oxford, 1991 Knox, Bernard ( ed. )Norton Anthology of Classic LiteratureNew York: 1993 Nelis, D.P.Vergil s Aeneid and the Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 2001 Putnam, MichaelC. J. Virgil s Aeneid: Interpretation and Influence. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Rhodius, ApolloniusJason and the Golden Fleece: The Argonautica.Translated by Richard A. Hunter. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Toohey, Peter. Reading Epic poem: An Introduction to the Ancient Narratives. New York: Routledge, 1992 Wallace, Andrew. Placement, Gender, and Pedagogy: Virgil s Fourth Georgic in Print. Renaissance Quarterly 56.2 ( 2003 ) : 377 1

Cómo llenar la planilla I-130 para pedir a cónyuge

Cà ³mo llenar la planilla I-130 para pedir a cà ³nyuge  ¿Eres un ciudadano que quieres reclamar una tarjeta de residencia para tu esposo/a que se encuentra en otro paà ­s? Explicacià ³n paso a paso de la planilla (forma)  I-130 para estos casos.   Pedir la residencia para un cà ³nyuge extranjero de un ciudadano americano es un proceso con mà ºltiples pasos. Todo se inicia presentando una peticià ³n al Servicio de Ciudadanà ­a e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en ingles). Esta peticià ³n implica llenar varias planillas y enviar copias de documentos. Pero el papel fundamental es el I-130. A continuacià ³n sigue una explicacià ³n detallada de quà © debes responder en cada pregunta del formulario, adaptado para el caso de que se trate de un ciudadano americano que reclama una tarjeta de residencia para su esposo/a y à ©ste est en el extranjero. Explicacià ³n paso a paso de cà ³mo llenar la planilla I-130 cuando un ciudadano reclama a un cà ³nyuge que se encuentra en el extranjero.   (En el à ºltimo prrafo podrs encontrar un enlace directo a la planilla I-130, que podrs descargarte gratuitamente - nunca pagues por un formulario del USCIS, son siempre gratis). Esta planilla tiene dos hojas.   Primera hoja: No escribas nada en la parte superior donde pone: DO NOT WRITE IN THIS BLOCK Baja el cursor hasta donde veas la letra A en mayà ºscula seguido de la palabra Relationship. Aquà ­ tà º, el ciudadano americano, debes contestar a tres preguntas. En la 1 marca con una x la opcià ³n husband/wife, ya que ests reclamando a  tu cà ³nyugeEn la 2 pregunta si tu cà ³nyuge y tà º ests emparentados por adopcià ³n. Marca No, a menos que eso no sea el caso.En la 3 pregunta si te hiciste residente por adopcià ³n. Marca Sà ­ o No, segà ºn sea tu caso. A continuacià ³n vers que el la pgina se divide  (de un modo no muy claro) en dos columnas. La primera, bajo la letra B, en la que debes completar informacià ³n sobre ti, que eres el ciudadano. En la columna de enfrente, que comienza con la letra C en mayà ºscula, sobre tu esposo/a extranjero. Vers que las preguntas de la 1 a la 12 para ambos y simplemente hay que contestar lo que corresponda a cada uno. Pregunta 1. Nombre, empezando por el apellido (en mayà ºsculas), seguido por el primer nombre y el segundo, si lo hubiera. Por ejemplo: RODRIGUEZ   Marà ­a Luz. Escribir el del ciudadano y en la columna de enfrente el del  cà ³nyuge Pregunta 2. La direccià ³n de cada uno en el momento actual.   Pregunta 3. Lugar de nacimiento, colocando primero la ciudad y luego el paà ­s. Por ejemplo: si Madrid, Spain y lo que corresponda  para tu esposo/a. Pregunta 4: Fecha de nacimiento. Escribirla poniendo dos dà ­gitos para el mes seguido del dà ­a y cuatro dà ­gitos para el aà ±o. Por ejemplo, para escribir el 24 de septiembre de 1967 hay que poner 09/24/1967. Pregunta 5: Gà ©nero, marcando male si se es hombre y female si se es mujer. Nota: desde junio de 2013 los matrimonios homosexuales y de lesbianas tienen beneficios migratorios como los de las parejas heterosexuales, con lo que es posible marcar en las dos columnas la opcià ³n de varà ³n o la de mujer.   Pregunta 6: Marcar married, ya que à ©sta se trata de una peticià ³n que americano realiza para su esposo/a extranjero. Pregunta 7: Otros nombres. Por ejemplo, si se han utilizado legalmente otros apellidos, como puede ser en el caso de mujeres que han estado casadas previamente utilizando el apellidos de sus anteriores maridos, o casos en los que ha habido una adopcià ³n y se usado dos nombres, etc. Si siempre se han utilizado los mismos y jams ha habido un cambio entonces hay que escribir None (no dejar en blanco). Pregunta 8: Fecha y lugar del matrimonio actual. Por ejemplo, si te casaste en Lima el 27 de julio de 2013 escribir 07/27/2013   Lima, Peru. Pregunta 9: escribe en tu columna tu  Nà ºmero del Seguro Social. En la columna de tu  esposo/a escribir None, salvo en casos muy concretos en que tuviera uno (de los de verdad) porque en el pasado estuvo viviendo en EEUU y obtuvo uno legalmente, ponerlo.   Pregunta 10: Escribir None tanto en tu columna como en la de tu cà ³nyuge. Puede que en el pasado tuvieras uno alien registration number, si en el pasado fuiste un residente permanente legal. Pero ahora eres un ciudadano, asà ­ que debes contestar None. En el caso de tu esposo/a, en la mayorà ­a de los casos la respuesta es None. Pero puede suceder que en el pasado hubiera tenido uno, por la razà ³n que fuera. En ese caso, anotarlo. Pregunta 11: Si has estado casado previamente, escribir el nombre de la persona que fue tu marido o tu mujer. Y lo mismo en la columna de tu cà ³nyuge. Si uno de ustedes o los dos nunca han estado casados escribir None (sà ³lo  matrimonios legales, vivir juntos no cuenta). Pregunta 12: Poner la fecha en la que el anterior matrimonio/s acabaron. Por ejemplo, si te divorciaste el 3 de agosto de 2007 escribir 08/03/2007. El matrimonio pudo finalizar por divorcio, nulidad o viudedad. Fà ­jate que hay espacio para poner ms de un matrimonio anterior, si ese fuera el caso. A partir de aquà ­ ya no contestas por ti y por tu cà ³nyuge a las mismas preguntas, sino que son diferentes. Pregunta 13: En la columna del ciudadano, te preguntan cà ³mo te convertiste en  estadounidense. Marca una x en birth in the US si naciste en Estados Unidos o uno de sus territorios, como Puerto Rico. Marca Naturalizacià ³n si fuiste residente permanente y te convertirse en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n. En este caso necesitas tener a mano el certificado de ciudadanà ­a que te dieron en la ceremonia y anotar el nà ºmero y la fecha y el lugar en el que te lo dieron.    Por à ºltimo, marca la opcià ³n parents si eres ciudadano por  ser hijo de estadounidense, aunque naciste en otro paà ­s o si te convertirse en uno cuando tu pap o tu mam se naturalizaron y tà º ya eras residente permanente, vivà ­as con ellos y eras menor de edad. Si marcas parents no te olvides de especificar si tienes certificado de ciudadanà ­a, marcando la casilla correspondiente y anotando su nà ºmero y fecha y lugar en el que fue emitido.   Pregunta 13: pregunta sobre el cà ³nyuge para el que se pide la residencia: Hay que seà ±alar con un sà ­ o un no si la persona ha estado alguna vez en Estados Unidos, como por ejemplo, de turista, de estudiante, etc.   Pregunta 14: La parte del ciudadano consta de dos subpreguntas, la primera hay que contestar N/A, es decir, no aplicable, ya que sà ³lo tendrà ­as que contestarla si fueses residente permanente. Y no lo eres, ya que ests rellenando una aplicacià ³n como ciudadano americano.  Justo debajo de esa pregunta, donde pone 14b, debes contestar sà ­ o no a si obtuviste la residencia por matrimonio con un ciudadano o un residente. La respuesta es no: Si has nacido en Estados Unidos o Puerto RicoSi eres americano por tus padresSi eres americano por naturalizacià ³n, pero la tarjeta de residencia que tuviste anteriormente la obtuviste por trabajo, por ser hermano, hijo, padre o madre de un ciudadano o por ser hijo de un residente permanente legal Por el contrario, debes marcar la  respuesta de sà ­ (donde pone Yes), en el caso de ser ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n siempre y cuando  antes sacaste tu greencard por matrimonio. Pregunta 14 para el esposo para el que se pide la tarjeta. Como à ©sta es una aplicacià ³n para pedir a un esposo que est fuera de Estados Unidos, esta pregunta no aplica y por lo tanto hay que contestar N/A donde pone He or she arrived as a: Adems, hay que dejar sin escribir nada en las dos là ­neas siguientes y pasar directamente a la pregunta siguiente. Pregunta 15: sà ³lo aplica al esposo extranjero. Pregunta nombre de la empresa para la que trabaja en la actualidad. Poner el nombre o responder N/A si no est trabajando. Y en la là ­nea siguiente poner la fecha en la que se empezà ³ a trabajar en esa compaà ±Ãƒ ­a. Pregunta 16: es muy importante contestar correctamente y la verdad a esta pregunta. Si el esposo extranjero para el que se pide el permiso de residencia ha estado previamente en Estados Unidos es posible que haya tenido un procedimiento de  inmigracià ³n. Contestar honestamente no o sà ­, segà ºn sea la respuesta correcta. Y si la contestacià ³n es afirmativa, entonces poner dà ³nde (where) y cundo (when) y justo debajo con un aspa en forma de cruz (x) marcar la casilla correspondiente.    ¿Cundo marcar Removal? Cuando con posterioridad al abril de 1997 la persona fue deportada o se le prohibià ³ la entrada en Estados Unidos y se la expulsà ³. Por ejemplo, llegà ³ a la aduana con una visa y se la envià ³ de vuelta al paà ­s del que venà ­a porque el oficial de inmigracià ³n considerà ³ que era inadmisible. O cuando un juez ordenà ³ una deportacià ³n. O cuando cruzà ³ ilegalmente la frontera, fue agarrada y se la expulsà ³.  ¿Cundo marcar Exclusion/deportation? En los mismos casos seà ±alados en el prrafo anterior sobre removal, pero cuando tuvieron lugar antes de abril de 1997.  ¿Cundo marcar rescission?  Cuando se ha tenido una tarjeta de residencia (greencard) y un juez de inmigracià ³n decidià ³ quitrsela.  ¿Cundo marcar judicial proceedings? Cuando se ha tenido un trmite de cualquier tipo ante una corte de inmigracià ³n.   Si la persona para la que se pide la tarjeta ha sido deportada, expulsada o ha tenido un caso ante un juez de inmigracià ³n entonces es muy conveniente consultar con un abogado antes de seguir y enviar la aplicacià ³n, para analizar con detenimiento las circunstancias del caso. Recordar que estos casos de deportacià ³n tienen una penalidad. Pasar a la pgina siguiente, que es la nà ºmero dos y à ºltima Desde la parte superior hasta aproximadamente la mitad de pgina se desarrolla la seccià ³n C, donde se pide informacià ³n sobre el cà ³nyuge extranjero. Pregunta 17: Hay que enumerar el nombre del esposo/a americano  y el de todos los hijos que tenga el  esposo/a extranjero para el que se pide la tarjeta de residencia,  tanto biolà ³gicos como adoptados, tanto nacidos en matrimonio o fuera de à ©l. No importa ni la edad de los hijos, ni si estn casados o solteros y si se piensa pedirlos para que emigren a Estados Unidos o no. Lo à ºnico que hay que hacer es poner el nombre de TODOS los hijos que tiene el esposo extranjero.  Adems, hay que especificar el tipo de parentesco, la fecha y paà ­s de nacimiento. Ejemplo, eres una mujer ciudadana y pides a tu esposo, que tienes dos hijos de una relacià ³n anterior y un hijastro fruto de un matrimonio anterior. Habrà ­a que rellenar este apartado asà ­: Marà ­a Luz Rodrà ­guez (es decir, tu nombre), wife (o husband, si eres un hombre)   09/24/1967 Spain (este serà ­a el nombre y los datos del ciudadano americano que hace la peticià ³n)Isabel Fernndez Iglesias daughter   04/18/2009 (hija del esposo extranjero)Diego Fernndez Iglesias son   07/27/2010 (hijo del esposo extranjero)Fernando Snchez Iglesias stepson 12/12/2004 (hijastro del esposo extranjero) Pregunta 18: La direccià ³n en Estados Unidos donde vivirà ­a tu esposo/a, una vez que saque la tarjeta de residencia. Obviamente, al tratarse de un matrimonio, tienes que poner tu direccià ³n. Pregunta 19: La direccià ³n de tu esposo/a en el paà ­s en el que reside actualmente. Tambià ©n escribir el nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Pregunta 20: responder N/A, ya que sà ³lo aplica a personas que utilizan un alfabeto distinto al nuestro, como por ejemplo los chinos, los griegos o los rabes. Pregunta 21: Si has compartido casa con tu esposo/a, escribe la direccià ³n y la fecha de inicio y de fin de esa convivencia. Posiblemente tengas que contestar N/A, si es que nunca habà ©is vivido juntos. Pregunta 22: La respuesta es N/A porque ests pidiendo los papeles para tu cà ³nyuge que est en el extranjero. Y esta pregunta sà ³lo aplica si es que tu esposo/a est ya en Estados Unidos y va a aplicar por un ajuste de estatus. Las siguientes dos preguntas corresponden al apartado D y son las siguientes Pregunta 1: si adems de por tu esposo/a ests enviando ms peticiones para hijos o hijastros, debes decir a quià ©n ms pides (que necesariamente tiene que ser en otra peticià ³n separada) y cul es la relacià ³n. Por ejemplo, si tambià ©n pides a la hija de tu marido, poner su nombre y aà ±adir la palabra stepdaughter, que es hijastra, que es la relacià ³n que tiene contigo. Pregunta 2: Tienes que contestar sà ­ o no si has realizado una peticià ³n de tarjeta de residencia con anterioridad, para tu cà ³nyuge o para otra persona. Si contestas sà ­ debes poner su nombre, el lugar y la fecha en la que realizaste la peticià ³n y el resultado. Por ejemplo, pediste a tu hermano hace dos aà ±os. Entonces marca la casilla de yes y en la là ­nea siguiente escribe los datos que te piden. Por ejemplo, si yo hubiera pedido a mi hermano hace diez aà ±os y la peticià ³n fue aprobada escribirà ­a: Carlos Rodrà ­guez, Vermont, 03/05/2003 Approved Apartado E. del I-130 Debes firmar a mano (por lo que despuà ©s de acabar de llenar todo el formulario procede a imprimir y acuà ©rdate de firmar en ese momento) Antes de imprimir,  poner la fecha en la que has cumplimentado la planilla y  tu nà ºmero de telà ©fono. Finalmente el apartado F sà ³lo aplica en los casos en los que otra persona haya rellenado por ti esta planilla, como una agencia o un abogado.  ¿Cà ³mo saber si el USCIS ha recibido la solicitud y si la ha aprobado? Para estos efectos, el USCIS se comunica enviando al solicitante unos documentos conocidos como NOA1 y NOA2.  ¿quà © son y quà © informacià ³n comunican? Planilla que necesitas Descarga gratis el I-130.  Adems, enviar toda la documentacià ³n necesaria de apoyo y si est en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s, se debe certificar la traduccià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Interracial Marriage essays

Interracial Marriage essays I had really never thought about it: What is America? Until this week I believed that America was a country (and a continent), but after reading Schlesingers piece I realized that it is not only that. Schlesinger believes that America has succeeded as a multicultural society, because: America gives ethnically diverse people reasons to see themselves as part of the same nation. After reading this quote I realized that America is no where near that. Internationally America as seen as a multi-ethnic country, but nationally it is not. Schlesinger, states for America was a multiethnic country from the start. What does from the start? mean. If you really go back to the real start, Native Americans were the start. Schlesinger is talking about the start he likes to believe in, he is referring to the start most white-Americans refer to. There is not one history book that refers to Native Americans as the founders of America. Native Americans lived in this country long before Europeans discovered. There is a part of Schlesinger piece that is true: The hostility of one tribe for another is among the most instinctive human reactions, when Europeans arrived on the U.S. they believed that Native Americans were dangerous, reason for why they decided to take their property, kill most of them, their culture, make them live in reservations, and lastly re-name the country as New England. How come this is not part of our history books? Schlesinger talks about U.S. history from the revolution on, he also mentions that America was successful is making a multiethnic society. How can anybody classify America as a successful multiethnic society, if since the beginning of times Americans decided to exclude the real Americans? What does being an American mean to Schlesinger? America is home to millions ...